Leadership Nursing Leadership And Management - 1210 Words

Leader Reflection Samwel Rorya Southwestern college professional studies NURS330: Nursing Leadership and Management Instructor: Pat Howell February21, 2016 Leader Reflection The word leadership bring a lot of images to my mind It is very important for leader in any organization because a manager assists in providing direction toward goals in the organization. As a nurse leader I want to be a leader who eat last, who make everyone feel like they belong to the organization and make people respect me Ruther than fear my leadership. According to James Kouzes and Barry Posner (2012) p1‘Leadership is the ability to energize, mobilize then take people and organization to the place they never been before. I do believe that a true leader will always eat last, which means that they spend most of the time trying to help other people to the right things. My leadership style is based on two exception, which are hardworking and rewards. According to Tom Rath and Barry conchie (2008) page 78 the most leaders rally group of people toward an organizations goals, mission, and objectives. They lead .People follow. I believe my leadership style would be using more than one leadership style Myself I like using more than one leadership style because I have strong believe that every company or organization is built with all kind of employee with different background ,culture and ethnic. Situation are not always the same, I do believe that one style it willShow MoreRelatedLeadership and Management in Nursing2205 Words   |  9 Pagesart and science editor, Nursing Standard, The Heights, 59-65 Lowlands Road, Harrow-on-the-Hill, Middlesex HA1 3AW. email: gwen.clarke@rcnpublishing.co.uk Leadership and responsive care: Principle of Nursing Practice H McKenzie C, Manley K (2011) Leadership and responsive care: Principle of Nursing Practice H. Nursing Standard. 25, 35, 35-37. Date of acceptance: February 23 2011. Summary This is the final article in a nine-part series describing the Principles of Nursing Practice developed by theRead MoreLeadership And Management Approaches For Nursing1228 Words   |  5 PagesLtd.). Nursing shortages and turnover continuous to present critical challenges in the all levels of healthcare. Several factors explain the cause of nursing turnover. Most of the time nurses supposed to work under stressful conditions for long hours, which can lead to job burnout and dissatisfaction results in making mistakes and errors can affect in quality of patient care. Nursing turnover is a major issue impacting the functioning and success of healthcare organizations. However, leadership andRead MoreThe Impact of Leadership and Management in Nursing1489 Words   |  6 Pagesregarding the results of these models on nurse leaders/managers. A review of published studies of Patient-Focused Redesign (PFR) suggests that models differ across institutions and that findings are preliminary and measure short-term effect only. Management theory is notably absent from the reports, and the extent of implementation of PFR principles differs according to the needs of the organization, the scope of services provided, and the resources available (Ingersoll, 1999, p. 22). The study occurredRead MoreStress Of Nursing Leadership And Management1267 Words   |  6 PagesStress of Nursing Leadership and Management As a normal part of life, everyone has stress. Stressful situation without making adjustments can effects your health and well-being. For example, I worked as a charge nurse and mostly as a RN supervisor. This job requires to use managerial skills as well as clinical expertise. The work environment of the skilled nursing facility was mostly short staffed, lack of resources, and overloaded. I, as a charge nurse or RN supervisor, was expected to always beRead MoreStress Of Nursing Leadership And Management1549 Words   |  7 PagesStress of Nursing Leadership and Management On a daily basis, everyone experiences stress. Stressful situation without making adjustments can effects your health and well-being. For example, I worked as a charge nurse and mostly as a RN supervisor. This job requires to use managerial skills as well as clinical expertise. The work environment of the skilled nursing facility was mostly short staffed, lack of resources, and overloaded. I, as a charge nurse, was expected to always be available, to beRead MoreNursing Management and Leadership Style688 Words   |  3 PagesNursing Management Introduction The nurse that I chose to interview and write about received a Bachelors degree in nursing science approximately ten years ago as well as attended many ongoing training events since her graduation. She is certified as a Certified Emergency Nurse (CEN) and manages the emergency department in a private healthcare facility that employees over fifty people in the division. Generally her schedule consists of the 9 to 5, Monday through Friday however is subject to changeRead MoreLeadership And Management Theory Of Nursing989 Words   |  4 Pagesand attain the best patient outcomes. Nursing leaders guide others towards set goals and managers pull resources together to achieve those goal. There are different styles of leadership and my style inclines heavily toward what is called participative/democratic. My leadership style tends to bring people together so that we all come to a majority agreement of how best to meet the goals at hand. I work in an emergency room and the challenges o f nursing in this work setting are to achieve organizedRead MoreEssay on Effective Leadership and Management in Nursing597 Words   |  3 PagesEffective Leadership and Management in Nursing Shirley J. Mitchell University of Phoenix HSC 492 Instructor: Linda Westermann March 12, 2012 Effective Leadership and Management in Nursing According to Sullivan and Decker (2009), leadership is influencing others into working toward accomplishing a common goal. Some people are born with an innate leadership quality within them. Others require learning leadership and management skills. It takes a certain personality trait that makesRead MoreEvaluation Of A Leadership / Management At Nursing Laboratory Essay1565 Words   |  7 PagesNarrative Journal #2 On Thursday, April 14, we participated in our second simulation experience for N410L Leadership/Management in Nursing Laboratory. This was not only the last simulation experience for this course, but it was also the last simulation of our undergraduate nursing studies at CSU Fullerton. Therefore, in light of this fact and considering that the topic of our simulations centered on dying and end-of-life care, there were many emotions that were brought forth during our time in theRead MoreEffective Leadership and Management in Nursing Essay examples859 Words   |  4 PagesEffective Leadership and Management in Nursing NUR/492: Leadership and Management July 9, 2012 Instructor: Janet Bailie â€Æ' Effective Leadership and Management in Nursing Leadership and management are essential to any health care organization, balancing patient care, employees, physicians, and the organization. Nursing is founded on interpersonal relationships. As a people-oriented profession, nursing leadership styles are influenced by humanism. The mission, attitude, and behaviors of

Human Rights And Non Government Related Essay - 1964 Words

Abstract Human rights organization, groups or institutions work to protect the right of human and eradicate human rights abuses. Some of these institutions, groups or organization are specific to the type, nature and extent of the human rights law they deal with, while others, tackle issues relating to the whole. The latter is usually very active group as human rights in many ways are affected by the whole process of globalization and capitalism. It is true that the most effect human rights agents are non-government related. This paper will look at one such non-governmental organization (NGO), Anti-Slavery International (ASI). The particulars of the discourse will entail: a brief summary of past work, and, a look into one of their current projects on slavery of overseas domestic workers. The paper will share brief the mission of the organization, a summary of the work they have done for the aforementioned group, share in brief why their work was necessary; as well as, challenges they encount ered on the project (campaign) and general, briefly. The issue of human rights has become more prevalent and global since World War II (WW II). Numerous institutions, groups, individuals and organizations have dedicated time, money and effort into seeking to address and solving problems related to human rights, some, to the peril and even loss of their own lives. Protection of human rights though now a global issue, dates back to about 1300 BC, when God reintroduced the 10Show MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography On Public Sector Union938 Words   |  4 PagesPublic Sector Union Baird, W. C (2012): Government-Sector Unionism and Human Rights: Springer Science Business Media: http://dx.doi.org/ DOI 10.1007/s12142-012-0237-z If something is a human right, it must be possible for all humans to exercise it, in the same way, at the same time, without logical contradiction, said the writer. What is more interesting is that collective bargaining for government-sector employees can appear to violate the rights of both government-sector workers and taxpayers. However;Read MoreEthical Practices And The Supervision And Treatment Of Prison Populations1731 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: Ethical practices related to the supervision and treatment of prison populations 1 Ethical practices related to the supervision and treatment of prison populations Alvin D. Chestnut CJ552 10/24/2014 Prof: John Hill Ethical practices related to the supervision and treatment of prison populations 2 INTRODUCTION This paper will define theRead MoreEmployment And Labour Of Alberta And Saskatchewan1242 Words   |  5 PagesEmployment and Labour The federal government and the governments of British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan have each enacted legislation regarding minimum employment standards, pay equity, occupational health and safety, workers compensation and labour relations. Applicability of federal or provincial employment laws depends on whether an employer operates in a provincially or federally regulated industry. Most industries are regulated by the province in which the business is located. HoweverRead MoreBusiness And Human Rights : The Evolving International Agenda By John Gerard Ruggie1504 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness and Human Rights: The Evolving International Agenda by John Gerard Ruggie Summary and background This paper analyzes the development of human rights and business in an international view, states the factual issues, and provides strategies to improve the existing realities. The article explains the conceptual challenges to let readers know the basic foundation of international human rights, such as globalization, global value chains, transnational corporate networks, duties and rights. ImportantRead MoreThe Concepts Of Public Health Nursing Essay1745 Words   |  7 Pages The illegal immigrants who come from diverse ethnic groups and are of various age group. One of the problem that the America is facing right now is the problem with children who have crossed illegally into this country. In this paper, the author will define the issue based on the concepts of public health nursing, identify the ethical principle that is related to it, describe both sides of the issue and choose one side, and suggest a call to action for the problem. According to Poon (2014) thereRead MoreThe Rights Of Gay And Lesbian Couples Essay1536 Words   |  7 Pagesthe majority believe that they deserve the rights they are granted with the aid of the government. An upstanding citizen who pays their taxes, serves their network and abides by means of the regulation must be afforded the rights of an American. however, no longer all residents are afforded same rights. gay and lesbians are continuously denied rights which are typically taken for granted through the common American. particularly, gay and lesbians couples are denied the proper to marry even supposingRead More Is Violence in Pursuit of Happiness Justified? Essay example1173 Words   |  5 PagesHow are the people, oppressed by others and by the government, supposed to react? Certainly, they do not enjoy being treated unjustly, however, they should still obey the laws. Is it to the laws of the land that command total submission or to his convictions by which he is convinced that the system is totally unjust? Therefore, how should citizens defend their liberties, without using violence or disobeying the law, if they think it’s unjust? If an individual obeys the law, he would automaticallyRead MoreTaking a Look at the Syrian Crisis723 Words   |  3 Pagespolitically repressive pre-war society posed limitations on women’s rights movements and for advocacy of greater political freedoms, social justice, non-discrimination and gender equality. Although, Syria arguably grants greater rights to women than most other countries in the middle east, discrimination against women is clearly found in its laws relating to women’s personal status and role in the family, including issues related to marriage, inheritance, custody, divorce, and gender-based violenceRead MoreNgo Is An Acronym That Means Non Governmental Organization1656 Words   |  7 PagesNGO is an acronym that means non-governmental organization. The term comes from the United N ations and, originally, its meaning is broader than private development organization. According to the United Nations, the NGO groups may include service organizations in order to profit foundations, educational institutions, churches and hospitals. However, this name has been accepted by the entire international community to refer more specifically to non-profit organizations involved in internationalRead MoreHow Transnational Corporations Affect the Sovereignty of a Nation?676 Words   |  3 Pagesaffiliated to external control have challenged and in some instances threatened government sovereignty. Economically stable countries such as the United States of America, have attempted to extend their influence to other countries of the world through TNC. This situation is what led to governments endorsing the non-interference policy in national political affairs (United Nations, 2003). Interesting to note is the role that non-governmental organizations played in this debate. Nongovernmental organizations

Ancient Greek Olympics Essay Example For Students

Ancient Greek Olympics Essay Reporting todays Olympic games is like a technological masterpiece. The athletes compete in many events, their times and scores are tallied and sent worldwide by satellites and high-tech computers within seconds. Eachevent is carefully watched and recorded with a sense of history. There was nosuch sense of history or records when the first Games began in Ancient Greece. The first recorded champion in Greece was a sprinter, Coroebus, he was a cook in a near by Greek city called, Elis. He ran naked on a sanded course in front of thousands of spectators. The course was about 630 feet long or one stad-from which the word stadium was derived. His victory won him a wreath of olive leaves. That was in 776 BC and this year became very important to later Greek Historians. In 300 BC all time was dated by Olympiads, a time spanof four years between the games. The Olympiad began with the first recorded foot race. As far back in Greek time as anyone can remember, the human body was a very beautiful thing. A body of a man had glory, as well as his mind,that both needed discipline, and by that such discipline men best honored Zeus. From time to time the Greeks held ceremonies of Games in honor of their god Zeus. They held these ceremonies for the areas in which theytook place. These places were, Pythian, Isthmian, Nemeam, and of course,Olympian. The Olympian games go back to the time of the first peopleto live in the valley of Alpheas River. There in Elis, in the western Peloponnesus was Olympia, the fairest spot in Greece. This land was filledwith beauty and snowcapped mountains. This area was a perfect spot for the ceremonies held every four years, for Zeus. In 1875, the most important ruins of Ancient Greece were uncovered. One important ruin that was discovered was the temple of Zeus, that was in use about 2,500 years ago. Near it was the temple for his wife, Hera that waseven older. It was used about 2,900 years ago. Another important discoverywas the finding of the statue of Hermes. Hermes was sculpted by the Praxiteles. This statue was found in the Heras Temple. Contained in theTemple of Zeus was one of the Seven Wonders of the World, it was a statue of Zeus sitting on his throne, it was larger then a two-story house. This great masterpiece was made by, Phidias, it was made of ivory and gold. Soon everyone wanted to win the favor of their god, Zeus. By 500BC , Sparta, Elis, Athens, and Syracuse had rivaled each other to offertheir gifts to the temple. To be entered into the Games, the candidates went into a gymnasium at Elis, and were tested for the Games. The ten-month training was the most valuable preparation the athletes could undergo. For ten months they lived in the gymnasium, they practiced all day, and all night. They were constantly watched over by the professional trainers. The officials of Elis would decide who was fit enough to compete in the Olympic Games, and receive the prizes. The people of Elis won the first thirteen Olympic races. Soon people from all around Greece joined the games. They came from Crete, Rhodes, Sicily, Asia Minor, and Egypt. These games served as a common link to the Hellenic world. Nothing was more important to the Greeks then the Games, not even wars. During the month of the festival, no one with weapons was allowed into Olympia. The Olympics was far more important to the Greeks then any war, there was peace throughout Greece during the month of the Olympics. This period of time was called the Hieromenia. The first athletes of the Olympics were sprinters. Twenty sprinters lined up on a straight track, the bugle sounded off and they ran as fast as they could to the finish line. Soon the Games began to expand in variety, longer races were added to the games. Then pentathlons were introduced and so was the three mile run. The discus was a favorite of the Greeks. The man who threw the farthest was regarded as the greatest athlete. Boxing was introduced in 688 BC. The boxers would wear leather straps and metal rings around their knuckles. The fight would only end when the opponent would cry for mercy or lay there unconscious. In 680 BC chariot races were part of the game. Only the ones rich enough ones who could afford chariots and horses would participate. The owner of the winning horse would receive a cotton head-band and the rider would get an olive leaf wreath. All Olympic winners were presented with prizes and if a man had won three Olympics in a row he would have a statue made just for him. He would also receive many great gift of honor, including the privilege of not having to pay taxes. Often when the winner would return home, he would be escorted through a hole through the wall surrounding his city. The hole was made by the citizens to show the world that an Olympic champion lived there. Among many Olympic heroes in history, Milo of Croton was one of the most famous. He won six wrestling matches in a r ow during 600 BC. Milo supposedly developed his brute strength by carrying a calf on his bare shoulders. He did this until the calf developed into a full grown bull. He was said to have killed a lion with his bare hands and stopped a chariot by grabbing it with one hand. Another Greek, Olympic hero was Theagenes of Thasos. He had several special skills, he competed in boxing, sprinting, and the pancration. (combination of boxing and wrestling)He won at least 1,400 times. Women were not allowed to participate in these games. They werent allowed to watch the games either. There was one women from Rhodes, she dressed herself in mens clothing and went to the games. She went to the games to watch her son in a boxing match. When he won the match, she ran up to him and kissed him. That gave her away, but she wasnt punished. Several years earlier her father, Diagoras, won a boxing match. He was one of the most celebrated of all ancient athletes. Her penalty of death was waived. The glory of the Games began to dim, and interest was lost among most people. Rich people began placing bets on the games. The original purpose of the Games were forgotten. Olympia began to decline. In 393 BC the games were ordered to be stopped, the were becoming a public nuisance. The Greeks destroyed the Temple of Zeus and of Hera. Earthquakes and floods buried Olympia, so it remained lost and half-forgotten. Until 1875. Reporting todays Olympic games is like a technological masterpiece. The athletes compete in many events, their times and scores are tallied and sent worldwide by satellites and high-tech computers within seconds. Eachevent is carefully watched and recorded with a sense of history. There was nosuch sense of history or records when the first Games began in Ancient Greece. The first recorded champion in Greece was a sprinter, Coroebus, he was a cook in a near by Greek city called, Elis. He ran naked on a sanded course in front of thousands of spectators. The course was about 630 feet long or one stad-from which the word stadium was derived. His victory won him a wreath of olive leaves. That was in 776 BC and this year became very important to later Greek Historians. In 300 BC all time was dated by Olympiads, a time spanof four years between the games. The Olympiad began with the first recorded foot race. As far back in Greek time as anyone can remember, the human body was a very beautiful thing. A body of a man had glory, as well as his mind,that both needed discipline, and by that such discipline men best honored Zeus. From time to time the Greeks held ceremonies of Games in honor of their god Zeus. They held these ceremonies for the areas in which theytook place. These places were, Pythian, Isthmian, Nemeam, and of course,Olympian. The Olympian games go back to the time of the first peopleto live in the valley of Alpheas River. There in Elis, in the western Peloponnesus was Olympia, the fairest spot in Greece. This land was filledwith beauty and snowcapped mountains. This area was a perfect spot for the ceremonies held every four years, for Zeus. In 1875, the most important ruins of Ancient Greece were uncovered. One important ruin that was discovered was the temple of Zeus, that was in use about 2,500 years ago. Near it was the temple for his wife, Hera that waseven older. It was used about 2,900 years ago. Another important discoverywas the finding of the statue of Hermes. Hermes was sculpted by the Praxiteles. This statue was found in the Heras Temple. Contained in theTemple of Zeus was one of the Seven Wonders of the World, it was a statue of Zeus sitting on his throne, it was larger then a two-story house. This great masterpiece was made by, Phidias, it was made of ivory and gold. Soon everyone wanted to win the favor of their god, Zeus. By 500BC , Sparta, Elis, Athens, and Syracuse had rivaled each other to offertheir gifts to the temple. To be entered into the Games, the candidates went into a gymnasium at Elis, and were tested for the Games. The ten-month training was the most valuable preparation the athletes could undergo. For ten months they lived in the gymnasium, they practiced all day, and all night. They were constantly watched over by the professional trainers. The officials of Elis would decide who was fit enough to compete in the Olympic Games, and receive the prizes. The people of Elis won the first thirteen Olympic races. Soon people from all around Greece joined the games. They came from Crete, Rhodes, Sicily, Asia Minor, and Egypt. These games served as a common link to the Hellenic world. Nothing was more important to the Greeks then the Games, not even wars. During the month of the festival, no one with weapons was allowed into Olympia. The Olympics was far more important to the Greeks then any war, there was peace throughout Greece during the month of the Olympics. This period of time was called the Hieromenia. Violation of Human Rights vs the book Night EssayAs far back in Greek time as anyone can remember, the human body was a very beautiful thing. A body of a man had glory, as well as his mind,that both needed discipline, and by that such discipline men best honored Zeus. From time to time the Greeks held ceremonies of Games in honor of their god Zeus. They held these ceremonies for the areas in which theytook place. These places were, Pythian, Isthmian, Nemeam, and of course,Olympian. The Olympian games go back to the time of the first peopleto live in the valley of Alpheas River. There in Elis, in the western Peloponnesus was Olympia, the fairest spot in Greece. This land was filledwith beauty and snowcapped mountains. This area was a perfect spot for the ceremonies held every four years, for Zeus. In 1875, the most important ruins of Ancient Greece were uncovered. One important ruin that was discovered was the temple of Zeus, that was in use about 2,500 years ago. Near it was the temple for his wife, Hera that waseven older. It was used about 2,900 years ago. Another important discoverywas the finding of the statue of Hermes. Hermes was sculpted by the Praxiteles. This statue was found in the Heras Temple. Contained in theTemple of Zeus was one of the Seven Wonders of the World, it was a statue of Zeus sitting on his throne, it was larger then a two-story house. This great masterpiece was made by, Phidias, it was made of ivory and gold. Soon everyone wanted to win the favor of their god, Zeus. By 500BC , Sparta, Elis, Athens, and Syracuse had rivaled each other to offertheir gifts to the temple. To be entered into the Games, the candidates went into a gymnasium at Elis, and were tested for the Games. The ten-month training was the most valuable preparation the athletes could undergo. For ten months they lived in the gymnasium, they practiced all day, and all night. They were constantly watched over by the professional trainers. The officials of Elis would decide who was fit enough to compete in the Olympic Games, and receive the prizes. The people of Elis won the first thirteen Olympic races. Soon people from all around Greece joined the games. They came from Crete, Rhodes, Sicily, Asia Minor, and Egypt. These games served as a common link to the Hellenic world. Nothing was more important to the Greeks then the Games, not even wars. During the month of the festival, no one with weapons was allowed into Olympia. The Olympics was far more important to the Greeks then any war, there was peace throughout Greece during the month of the Olympics. This period of time was called the Hieromenia. The first athletes of the Olympics were sprinters. Twenty sprinters lined up on a straight track, the bugle sounded off and they ran as fast as they could to the finish line. Soon the Games began to expand in variety, longer races were added to the games. Then pentathlons were introduced and so was the three mile run. The discus was a favorite of the Greeks. The man who threw the farthest was regarded as the greatest athlete. Boxing was introduced in 688 BC. The boxers would wear leather straps and metal rings around their knuckles. The fight would only end when the opponent would cry for mercy or lay there unconscious. In 680 BC chariot races were part of the game. Only the ones rich enough ones who could afford chariots and horses would participate. The owner of the winning horse would receive a cotton head-band and the rider would get an olive leaf wreath. All Olympic winners were presented with prizes and if a man had won three Olympics in a row he would have a statue made just for him. He would also receive many great gift of honor, including the privilege of not having to pay taxes. Often when the winner would return home, he would be escorted through a hole through the wall surrounding his city. The hole was made by the citizens to show the world that an Olympic champion lived there. Among many Olympic heroes in history, Milo of Croton was one of the most famous. He won six wrestling matches in a r ow during 600 BC. Milo supposedly developed his brute strength by carrying a calf on his bare shoulders. He did this until the calf developed into a full grown bull. He was said to have killed a lion with his bare hands and stopped a chariot by grabbing it with one hand. Another Greek, Olympic hero was Theagenes of Thasos. He had several special skills, he competed in boxing, sprinting, and the pancration. (combination of boxing and wrestling)He won at least 1,400 times. Women were not allowed to participate in these games. They werent allowed to watch the games either. There was one women from Rhodes, she dressed herself in mens clothing and went to the games. She went to the games to watch her son in a boxing match. When he won the match, she ran up to him and kissed him. That gave her away, but she wasnt punished. Several years earlier her father, Diagoras, won a boxing match. He was one of the most celebrated of all ancient athletes. Her penalty of death was waived. The glory of the Games began to dim, and interest was lost among most people. Rich people began placing bets on the games. The original purpose of the Games were forgotten. Olympia began to decline. In 393 BC the games were ordered to be stopped, the were becoming a public nuisance. The Greeks destroyed the Temple of Zeus and of Hera. Earthquakes and floods buried Olympia, so it remained lost and half-forgotten. Until 1875. Reporting todays Olympic games is like a technological masterpiece. The athletes compete in many events, their times and scores are tallied and sent worldwide by satellites and high-tech computers within seconds. Eachevent is carefully watched and recorded with a sense of history. There was nosuch sense of history or records when the first Games began in Ancient Greece. The first recorded champion in Greece was a sprinter, Coroebus, he was a cook in a near by Greek city called, Elis. He ran naked on a sanded course in front of thousands of spectators. The course was about 630 feet long or one stad-from which the word stadium was derived. His victory won him a wreath of olive leaves. That was in 776 BC and this year became very important to later Greek Historians. In 300 BC all time was dated by Olympiads, a time spanof four years between the games. The Olympiad began with the first recorded foot race. As far back in Greek time as anyone can remember, the human body was a very beautiful thing. A body of a man had glory, as well as his mind,that both needed discipline, and by that such discipline men best honored Zeus. From time to time the Greeks held ceremonies of Games in honor of their god Zeus. They held these ceremonies for the areas in which theytook place. These places were, Pythian, Isthmian, Nemeam, and of course,Olympian. The Olympian games go back to the time of the first peopleto live in the valley of Alpheas River. There in Elis, in the western Peloponnesus was Olympia, the fairest spot in Greece. This land was filledwith beauty and snowcapped mountains. This area was a perfect spot for the ceremonies held every four years, for Zeus. In 1875, the most important ruins of Ancient Greece were uncovered. One important ruin that was discovered was the temple of Zeus, that was in use about 2,500 years ago. Near it was the temple for his wife, Hera that waseven older. It was used about 2,900 years ago. Another important discoverywas the finding of the statue of Hermes. Hermes was sculpted by the Praxiteles. This statue was found in the Heras Temple. Contained in theTemple of Zeus was one of the Seven Wonders of the World, it was a statue of Zeus sitting on his throne, it was larger then a two-story house. This great masterpiece was made by, Phidias, it was made of ivory and gold. Soon everyone wanted to win the favor of their god, Zeus. By 500BC , Sparta, Elis, Athens, and Syracuse had rivaled each other to offertheir gifts to the temple. To be entered into the Games, the candidates went into a gymnasium at Elis, and were tested for the Games. The ten-month training was the most valuable preparation the athletes could undergo. For ten months they lived in the gymnasium, they practiced all day, and all night. They were constantly watched over by the professional trainers. The officials of Elis would decide who was fit enough to compete in the Olympic Games, and receive the prizes. The people of Elis won the first thirteen Olympic races. Soon people from all around Greece joined the games. They came from Crete, Rhodes, Sicily, Asia Minor, and Egypt. These games served as a common link to the Hellenic world. Nothing was more important to the Greeks then the Games, not even wars. During the month of the festival, no one with weapons was allowed into Olympia. The Olympics was far more important to the Greeks then any war, there was peace throughout Greece during the month of the Olympics. Category: Roman Culture

Jazz In 1920s Essays - Jazz Genres, African-American Music

Jazz In 1920s The 1920's was a huge decade for the phenomena known as "Jazz". Due to the closing of the seaport in New Orleans, musicians were forced to travel up the Mississippi to find work. Two of the cities most affected by this move were Chicago and New York. Chicago was home primarily for New Orleans traditional music during the 1920's. From this New Orleans style came four major types of jazz: Boogie-Woogie, Chicago Jazz, Urban Blues, and Society Dance Bands. Because of the ever-growing popularity of nightclubs during Prohibition, these styles of jazz thrived so musicians were guaranteed jobs. The popularity of the phonograph also provided a huge boost to the music industry during the 1920's. Boogie-Woogie was a style of improvised piano music played during the '20's in Chicago. It got its start in the mining areas of the Midwest. The rolling, repetitious style was the beginning of the Midwestern shuffle style. The second type of jazz popular during this time was Chicago Jazz. It was played mostly by white musicians. Chicago Jazz tended to be very aggressive and usually ended abruptly. Since Chicago had more nightclubs than New York, it held a bigger attraction for musicians. It was only after the stock market crash in 1929 that New York replaced Chicago as a jazz capital. This style of jazz was tighter and more rehearsed than others. The next kind of jazz to emerge during the 1920's was Urban Blues. This was played primarily in an area known as the "bucket of blood." This referred to an area along the South Side of Chicago. The clubs there were known to hire the "who's who" of blues musicians. The last major style of jazz to emerge from Chicago during the '20's was Society Dance Bands. These bands were usually big with plush arrangements. They were located downtown and were slower paced and had no improvisation. They were designed mainly for dancing. They had a more sophisticated sound that was copied by other bands because it was so successful. Following is a list of some of the major mover and shakers to come out of Chicago during the 1920's. Joe Oliver (1885-1938) The "King" played the cornet and was one of the most important pure jazz musicians. He is mostly known for his time spent with his Creole Jazz Band. Recognition should be given to the fact that Louis Armstrong got much of his fame when he played with Oliver's band as a "hot jazz" specialist. Louis Armstrong (1901-1971) Armstrong is known as the "father" of the jazz trumpet. He was responsible for making the trumpet popular in jazz. He is also considered to be the first serious soloist in jazz. It is thought that Armstrong's time in a reformatory gave him the social "tools" necessary to survive and also gave him his rough ragtime trumpet sound. Meade Lux Lewis (1905-1964) Lewis was one of the leading boogie-woogie pianists. He was the third member of one of the biggest jazz boogie-woogie trios in history. He worked as a cab driver during the day and played gigs at night. Pete Johnson (1904-1967) Also a boogie-woogie piano master, Johnson unfortunately had trouble handling the business side of music. He therefore had to often take day jobs to sustain himself. Benny Goodman (1909-1986) Known as the "King of Swing", Goodman played the clarinet. His band was originally thought of as a dance band. But with the help of Fletcher Henderson, along with others, Goodman's band took on the characteristics of a true jazz orchestra. Paul Whiteman (1890-1967) Whiteman is credited for introducing more people to jazz during the 1920's than any other person. He originally played violin, but ended up being a bandleader full time. His huge success allowed him to be one of the very few bandleaders to continue working after the stock market crash. Leon "Bix" Beiderbecke (1903-1931) Leon is considered to be the only white trumpet player to have ever come close to capturing Louis Armstrong's amazing popularity. His style of playing was more European than most trumpeters of that time. Unfortunately, he was often unable to play due to his addiction to alcohol. New York was the other city greatly affected by the close of "Storyville". During the 1920's New York was known for two main reasons: the Harlem Renaissance and the Harlem Big Bands. Spasm bands also became popular in this area. The Harlem Renaissance was a shift in the jazz industry from Chicago to New York. This occurred during the mid 1920's. The Harlem Piano School

Gerunds, Participles, and Infinitives Explained

Gerunds, Participles, and Infinitives Explained A verbal  is a word derived from a  verb  that functions in a sentence as a  noun  or  modifier  rather than as a verb. In other words, a verbal  is a verb that acts like a different part of speech. Verbals include  infinitives,  gerunds  (also known as  -ing  forms), and  participles  (also known as  -ing  forms  and  -en  forms). A word group based on a verbal is called a  verbal phrase. Each of these verbals is often part of a phrase, which includes related modifiers, objects, and  complements. What Are Participles? A participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective to modify nouns and pronouns, as in this example: The children, crying and exhausted, were guided out of the collapsed house. Crying is a present participle, formed by adding -ing to the present form of the verb (cry). Exhausted is a past participle, formed by adding -ed to the present form of the verb (exhaust). Both participles modify the subject, children. All present participles end in -ing. The past participles of all regular verbs end in -ed. Irregular verbs, however, have various past participle endings- for instance, thrown,  ridden, built, and gone. A participial phrase is made up of a participle and its modifiers. A participle may be followed by an object, an adverb, a prepositional phrase, an adverb clause, or any combination of these. For example, in the following sentence the participial phrase consists of a present participle (holding), an object (the torch), and an adverb (steadily): Holding the torch steadily, Jenny approached the monster. In the next sentence, the participial phrase consists of a present participle (making), an object (a great ring), and a prepositional phrase (of white light): Jenny waved the torch over her head, making a great ring of white light. What Are Gerunds? A gerund is a verb form ending in -ing that functions in a sentence as a noun. Although both the present participle and the gerund are formed by adding -ing to a verb, the participle does the job of an adjective while the gerund does the job of a noun. Compare the verbals in these two sentences: The children, crying and exhausted, were guided out of the collapsed house.Crying will not get you anywhere. Whereas the participle crying modifies the subject in the first sentence, the gerund crying is the subject of the second sentence. What Are Infinitives? An infinitive is a verb form- often preceded by the  particle  to- that can function as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. Compare the verbals in these two sentences: I dont like crying in public unless Im getting paid for it.I dont like to cry in public unless Im getting paid for it. In the first sentence, the gerund crying serves as the direct object. In the second sentence, the infinitive to cry performs the same function. Exercise: Identifying Verbals For each of the following sentences, decide if the word or phrase in italics is a participle, a gerund, or an infinitive. The childrens singing and laughing woke me up.Jenny likes to dance in the rain.There are many ways of breaking a heart.A broken heart will mend over time.Happiness is having a large, loving, caring, close-knit family in another city. - George BurnsI believe that laughing is the best calorie burner.I dont want to achieve immortality through my work. I want to achieve it through not dying. - Woody AllenI dont want to achieve immortality through my work. I want to achieve it through not dying. - Woody AllenIt is not enough to succeed. Others must fail. - Gore VidalSucceeding is not enough. Others must fail. Answer Key Gerund: In this sentence, the words  singing  and  laughing function as nouns, making them gerunds.Infinitive: You can tell that  to dance  is an infinitive because to precedes the word dance.  Gerund: The verbal  breaking  serves as a noun. It is also the object of the preposition  of.(Past) participle: Implied in this sentence is the verbal phrase, that  has been  preceding the verbal,  broken, making it a past participle, which indicates something that happened and was completed in the past.(Present) participles:  Loving and caring  are actions that are occurring in the present, making these verbals present participles.Gerund:  Laughing  is a noun making it a gerund.Infinitives: The verbal to achieve, in both cases, is an infinitive because its a verb preceded by  to.Gerund:  Dying  is used as a noun in the sentence.Infinitive:  To succeed  is an infinitive- a verb preceded by  to.Gerund:  Succeeding  is a noun here; indeed, it is th e subject of the first sentence, making it a gerund.

Breastfeeding in Public - Explaining Shame and Taboo

Breastfeeding in Public - Explaining Shame and Taboo On an almost weekly basis, there is a news story about a woman being kicked out of an establishment for breastfeeding her baby. Restaurants, public pools, churches, art museums, courts of law, schools, and retail stores, including Target, American Girl Store, and ironically, Victoria’s Secret, have all been sites of skirmishes over a woman’s right to nurse. Breastfeeding  anywhere, public or private, is a woman’s  legal right in all 50 states. In 2018, both Utah and Idaho passed laws protecting a woman’s right to nurse in public.  However, nursing women are regularly scolded, shamed, given the side-eye, harassed, embarrassed, and made to leave public and private spaces by those who find the practice inappropriate or incorrectly believe it to be illegal. When we consider this problem from the standpoint of rational thought, it makes absolutely no sense. Breastfeeding is a natural, necessary, and healthful part of human life. And, in the U.S., for these reasons, it is protected by law. So, why does a cultural taboo on nursing in public hold strong in the U.S.? Using  the sociological perspective  helps illuminate why this problem exists. Breasts as Sex Objects One need only examine a handful of accounts of confrontations or online comments to see a pattern. In nearly all cases, the person who asks the woman to leave or harasses her suggests that what she is doing is indecent, scandalous, or lewd. Some do this subtly, by suggesting that she â€Å"would be more comfortable† if she were hidden from the view of others, or by telling a woman that she must â€Å"cover up† or leave. Others are aggressive and overt, like the church official who derogatorily called a mother who nursed during services â€Å"a stripper.† Beneath comments like these is the idea that breastfeeding should be hidden from the view of others; that it is a private act and should be kept as such. From a sociological standpoint, this underlying notion tells us a lot about how people see and understand women and their breasts: as sex objects. Despite the fact that women’s breasts are biologically designed to nourish, they are universally framed as sex objects in our society. This is a frustratingly  arbitrary designation based on gender, which becomes clear when one considers that it is illegal for women to bare their breasts (really, their nipples) in public, but men, who also have breast tissue on their chests, are allowed to walk around shirt-free. We are a society awash in the sexualization of breasts. Their â€Å"sex appeal† is used to sell products, to make film and television appealing, and  to entice people to men’s sporting events, among other things. Because of this, women are often made to feel that they are doing something sexual anytime some of their breast tissue is visible. Women with larger breasts, which are hard to comfortably wrangle and cover, know well the stress of trying to hide them from view in an effort to not be harassed or judged as they  go about their daily lives. In the U.S., breasts are always and forever sexual, whether we want them to be or not. Women as Sex Objects So, what can we learn about U.S. society by examining the sexualization of breasts? Some pretty damning and disturbing stuff, it turns out, because when women’s bodies are sexualized, they become sex objects. When women are sex objects, we are meant to be seen, handled, and used for pleasure at the discretion of men. Women  are meant to be passive recipients of sex acts, not agents who decide when and where to make use of their  bodies. Framing women this way denies them  subjectivity- the recognition that they are people, and not objects- and takes away their rights to self-determination and freedom. Framing women as sex objects is an act of power, and so too is shaming women who nurse in public, because the real message delivered during these instances of harassment is this: â€Å"What you are doing is wrong, you are wrong to insist on doing it, and I am here to stop you.† At the root of this social problem is the belief that women’s sexuality is dangerous and bad. Womens sexuality is framed as having  the power to corrupt men and boys, and make them lose control (see the blame-the-victim ideology of  rape culture). It should be hidden from public view, and only expressed when invited or coerced by a man. U.S. society has an obligation to create a welcoming and comfortable climate for nursing mothers. To do so, we must decouple the breast,  and womens bodies in general,  from sexuality, and stop framing women’s sexuality as a problem to be contained. This post was written in support of National Breastfeeding  Month.

MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH PROGRAMS (Module 2 SLP Topic - Quality Essay

MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH PROGRAMS (Module 2 SLP Topic - Quality Management) - Essay Example The Arizona Department of Corrections Division of Health Services, even in the face of the questions posed above and many more, established a Total Quality Management (TQM) model in 2000 (2008). Several benefits have been reaped already due to this move including large savings to a constrained budget. It can be appreciated that under such dynamic conditions as being under a correctional facility, the departments under this division host several cultures and the issue of diversity cannot be ignored. Health Services offers comprehensive services covering medicinal, dental, mental health, occupational health and pharmaceutical help just to name a few. These services are carried out as per TQM policies, are well documented and backed up with continuous staff development programs (Shriro, 2003, p. 4). The use of modern technology in services such as the Remote Correctional Pharmacy System Access (CIPS) and Telemedicine reduces constrains on the labor force. These systems make it possible for secure transfer of medical details of transferred inmates from the county office to the requisite correctional facility without need for the physical presence of a corrections officer cutting down on internal failure costs. Video conferencing under the telemedicine program make it possible to gain medical interventions for provision of professional care to patients without actually leaving the facility thus reducing the exposure of the general populace in conventional clinics and hospitals to i nmates, a saving on prevention costs. e-Business solutions reduce travel and time as well as promotes continuity of care (24 - 31). The division competes for services of health care professionals with all other government departments and has not been spared from staffing problems. This increases the cost of care due to contraction of services to part-time staff that require higher

Argumentative eassy on current public issue Essay

Argumentative eassy on current public issue - Essay Example issues caused by high costs of health care, additional costs on employers, as well as the connection between high costs of health care and diminishing access for persons who require health services. Experts provide numerous explanations for the high and rising costs of health care. These include perspectives such as that the high costs emanate from external forces, the weakness of competitive health care markets in the health care system, excessive costs of health system administration, from undue market power of providers and the absence of robust cost-containment strategies (Keeler, Melnick and Zwanziger 73). However, it is apparent that the greatest basis of high and increasing health care prices is the lack of a free health care market system in the US. This paper will provide a comprehensive argument showing why such absence is the main cause of the current high cost in the US. Health care costs can be reduced significantly through the introduction of a free market. Within a free and competitive market, forces of supply and demand determine the price of commodities. This means that there are so many customers and suppliers that no single seller or buyer can dictate the price of a commodity or service, and all buyers are fully privy to adequate information to make sensible buying decisions. The health care sector consists of several markets that include patients getting physical and hospital services, employers selecting the best health care plans for their employees and health insurance organizations entering contracts with hospitals. At the level of patients seeking hospital services, free market means that patients would not only be responsible for certain costs, but will also have ample information on the prices of various providers and obtain low-priced services (Luft and Grumbach 78). At such a level, hospitals and physicians would have to lower their charges to attract customers (patients). In reality, however, patients do not buy hospita l and

Using a pendulum Essay Example for Free

Using a pendulum Essay To find the gravity by finding the period of the oscillations of a pendulum and plotting a graph. Hypothesis and Prediction: the gravity from the graph is going to equal the gravity from the formula. Variables: The independent variable is the length of the string The Dependent variable is the period of one oscillation Controlled variables are: mass of the pendulum Equipment: -Brass Ball -string -boss and clamp -stopwatch -2 metal blocks -Meter Ruler -Micrometer -The diameter of the brass ball was measured using a micrometer. Then the value was divided by 2 to give the radius.-the length of the string was measured -two metal block were clamped with the string in between, the string was tied to the bob -the bob was pulled to the side and released -the time was started when the bob passed the reference line. -a full oscillation is when the bob passes the reference line forth back and forth again. the length of the string is increased or decreased in a regular pattern the time was monitored by reading through the stopwatch. -the same brass ball was used over the experiment to keep the mass constant. the length was varied 10 times with a 10 cm difference. -4 readings were taken for each 10 cm -the time was taken for 20 oscillations. And then divided by 20 to give one oscillation. Data Collection: Table number Length of String / M i 0. 05 Number of oscillations Time Taken/s i 0. 5 Period/s i The table contains the length of the string in meters, the number of oscillations, the time per 20 oscillations and the period of one oscillation. As the length of the string deceases , the time for 1 oscillation decreases. So the length of the string is directly proportional to the period. Data Processing and presentation: Example in working out average period when the string is 1. 01 The graph is plotted with Average period squared against length of string. Y=3. 9244x-0. 0087 3. 9244=gradient. 3. 9244= (4(pi)^2)/g g = (4(pi)^2)/3. 9244 g=10. 060 from the graph. The average gravity from the formula= 100. 614/10= 10. 614 Conclusion: the results where very close to the prediction but they werent the same as the graph is a scatter diagram.-the result from the graph is more accurate as the graph cancels inaccurate measurements. Evaluation: -the method had weaknesses. -the angle of the pendulum to the reference line isnt the same in each reading which might cause a slight error. -the Air conditional may effect the pendulum; it may change its speed or change its direction. it is difficult to stop the stopwatch and start it in the reference line exactly which might induce error sometimes the ball tends to move in a circular motion and the experiment will have to be repeated.

sting of prejudice Essay -- essays research papers

Sting of Prejudice   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee there are many characters whose lives and thoughts about one another are distorted by prejudice and stereotyping. Three of the many characters whose lives were affected by prejudice are Bob Ewell, Tom Robinson and Dolfus Raymond. Bob Ewell’s mind is distorted in his view of other races. Tom Robinson is a victim of prejudice and is treated unfairly because of the color of his skin. The third character Dolfus Raymond is not accepted by the community because he is married to a black woman. These are three very different men whom by choice or circumstance are forever affected by the hatred associated with prejudice and stereotyping.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bob Ewell is a man who is consumed by hatred, he is very poor and thinks very little of the black people in the community. Bob believes â€Å"that all Negroes lie, that all Negroes are basically immoral beings† (17). Prejudice in Maycomb is both racial and socio-economic. â€Å"The Cunninghams don’t like the Ewells† (226) because they consider them lower class. The â€Å"Ewells hate and despise the colored folks.† (226) The trial has given Bob Ewell the opportunity to not only persecute a black man but to feel in a very public way that he is superior and more believable to the jury because of his race.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  &nb...

Providing Free Wi-Fi to New York City

Providing Free Wi-Fi to New York City Defining the Solution: New York City is a city with a large population of people, lots of skyscraping buildings, numerous businesses, and a lack of available free WI-FI service. Today we will be working on developing a way to provide free WI-FI to all of New York City. First we have to look at the reasons, resources needed, and problems which will be on the road to providing such service to New York City. To define the problem a little in depth, we need to find out the necessities needed. 1.There needs to be a study conducted to figure out how a system can be placed in a city that is so rich in life, but cluttered with buildings and minimal available space for equipment installation. 2. The city needs to campaign a project, letting the people know what they are trying to do to bring such service to them. 3. Bring in network companies to provide the service. 4. Chart a project cost budget: i. e. -material cost, man power, and location cost. 5. Sur vey areas where service will be needed most. 6. Survey and gather information from the population on what service provider they use and service plans are used most.This will ensure that there are no network conflicts when the free WI-FI project is completed. 7. Schedule meeting with companies and experts in these technical areas to gather information. This will be information that can be charted or graphed. 8. Analyze all information, graphs, and charts that they have, to see problem areas and solutions to other problem areas. I am expecting that there will be many roadblocks to the road success. There will be many obstacles that will have to be problem and we will overcome these problems.But to develop a way to make WI-FI available to all of New York City will be tough project. It will be a tough project, however with great organization it can be a successful project. I believe with reliable and professional teamwork, it will be available in the future. Generating a Solution: Defin ing the problem for developing a solution to provide free WI-FI for all of New York City has been addressed. We have categorized where the problems lay and discussed what is needed to show the problems that exist. Now that the problems are defined, solutions need to be generated to piece together he problems. In order to generate a solution, a team comprised of technology professionals, state officials, city officials, private and non-profit developer organizations, the voice of the people, and a list of detail equipment needed and the cost of the equipment will need to be brought together as one. First is to assemble a group of broadband and wireless experts, so we can gather possible answers to the defined problem. After getting a starting point, data needs to be portrayed on charts, reports, and diagrams. This information can then be brought to the attention of city and state officials.The voice of the people can be a key to what is being used and what is needed to suit their nee ds for wireless connection. So surveys need to be sent out, public hearing need to be set up, and gather information from wireless companies to see what is being used today by the people. When setting up a public hearing, a panel of expert will be needed to answer the question that the people may have. Also to seek answers the experts will have for the people so they can configure the amount of technology is needed to make the project possible.The roles of the city government and the private and non-profit developers can be a major factor on how and where to start the wireless project. We would need the approval from these groups to have a starting point. Also we would see what resources the city already have and what is needed to included in a report for financial purposes. The financial report is essential to show what is already available for use in the project and what resource is needed plus the cost for the needed equipment. Then a starting location(s) will be needed to begin the project.Possible locations (ie: city parks) for wireless hotspots can be a good starting expansion point. To generate a solution we need: 1. Broadband and Wireless Experts 2. Approval from the City Government 3. Private and Non-Profit Development Organizations 4. State Agency Resources 5. The voice of the people 6. Locations 7. Financial Resources 8. Financial Report of Resource and Equipment Cost The next step is to gather all the possible solution information and analyze the data. Deciding a Course of Action:In generating a solution, we have learned that there are a variety of resources that have to be looked at in order for a solution to be found. We found that a team of technical professionals (ie: wireless carrier companies, IT organizations, and city electrical development department) is needed for wireless development. The voice of the people; to see what wireless carriers are being used, to survey where they use it more, and where they would like to use the wireless serv ice at. State and city officials are needed to help implement the project by vote of approval. Private and non-profit organizations are needed to fund this project.Last is to purchase the equipment for wireless capability. Deciding a course of action for the solution means that we need to take a look at what is at the top of the priority list. At the top of the priority list would be to speak with technical professionals, to see if it is possible to supply the wireless without any possible signal problems to disrupt the use of wireless service. Through this we can generate a list of resources that are needed. After speaking with various technical professionals, we see that location is also a factor when it comes to wireless service.After conducting a grid survey, a decision is made to use local and state parks as areas for project development. Through this detailed reports and charts are made for state and city officials and private and non-profit development organizations to view t he results. Next a survey is sent out to the people to see if the technical professionals and grid survey team studies are correct. As the surveys are collected and read, it is determined that the studies are correct and the parks will be accurate locations for project development. With the completion of the surveys from the people, the information is then added to the project report.In addition to the report, survey charts are created to show the mapped locations for possible WIFI development service. Plus, bar and line charts will show why these locations were chosen, as well as additional charts to show the results of the surveys sent out to the people. Third course of action is to petition to speak with the state and city officials and present the report that can provide the Free WIFI access to the city and its people. By doing this, we can seek approval to start the development and to seek the both private and non-profit development organizations.These development organizations will help finance the development project and make it a reality. After attending numerous meetings with state and city officials, technical professionals, development organizations, and getting the approvals that is needed to start development. The last course of action is to purchase the equipment that will provide the WIFI service. The WIFI project will only give access in state and local park areas, this type of WIFI access service will be considered Hotspots or Hotzones for the free WIFI access. Implementing the Solution:Deciding the course of action has shown what the top priorities are and has helped develop the steps to getting started. Next is to implement the solution to make it a reality. A proposal was submitted to address state officials and local city council about the proposed project development. In turn we received a response from these governing offices that we will be heard on the subject of providing the Wi-Fi service to the city. Before we attend the scheduled d ay, we must overlook the project report and charts, to see that all the information is correct and formal.By going back and double checking everything will help us be more confident when we sell the idea, plus we will be well prepared to answer any questions that may be addressed. After looking over all the charts and the project report, it was noted that a project schedule timeline and a budget chart was not created. So we decided to send out a research team to determine how much time will be needed to complete the project and at what cost. First a Gantt chart is created to show the activity process, along with the months and year that each activity will be taking place.We can also have a visual schedule to see what task is in development and at when the deadline should be. Next is to create a budget list (chart). The chart will show the cost for employment of personnel (salaries& contracted personnel), equipment use (purchased or rented), Travel expenses (if any), technology suppl ies and equipment, and last is to show the projects overhead cost. A budget chart is vital when speaking to government officials and organizations funding the project. The project budget cost can be a factor if we get the funding and/or approval.Now that project report is completed and all the required information is within the report, we are now ready to present it to the government officials. As the day comes and all the important variables are presented to the council of officials, we wait till they discuss the development project. The development project finally receives the approval, which moves the project to the next part of the implement stage. Checking the Gantt chart, we see that we need to employ a development team. This team needs to consist of IT experts and professionals, project managers, and a team of hands on working professional.We also need to purchase all the necessary technological (laptops, desktops, software, and communication devices) and development equipmen t needed to start the project. Next we need to schedule several meeting with the major wireless carriers to introduce to project in development and to try to influence them to be the wireless provider company. In order to choose the right companies to contact, we will schedule a public meeting to speak with NYC residents. By doing this we can see who is the major providers that the public use.Through several public meetings, we find out that AT&T and Verizon is the two providers that are used to most. So we call and schedule a meeting with the board of directors from both companies. Plus we have to schedule the proper flights to get to the corporate offices for these companies. After several physical and telephone conference meetings, both corporate providers agree to be involved in the development and would immediately put together a team to assist our development team in installing the necessary networks that we need. Through this, a change is made on the Gantt chart to include th ese companies and their team.Plus any cost will also include into the budget chart. With all the project resources that is needed for this project have been brought together, the deployment stage of the project needs to be started. Several meetings are set up to introduce all the executives, project management, government officials, and funding organizations. Construction crews and technical personnel need to be hired. Equipment needs to be ordered and purchased before the start of the project. Checking the development location charts, it has been determined that wireless systems need to be placed on high level areas.So checking city maps and blueprints, we choose city skyscrapers that have the high altitude we need. Checking with the buildings management and owners, we started to implement the wireless system construction. As the project goes through the various stages of the development; we consistently monitor the Gantt chart to make sure that the project is on schedule, continue to check for any potential paradigm shifts that can cause a delay, make sure that there is coordination of all tasks and personnel, and evaluate each completed task along the way.Experimental test are conducted throughout the development stages, to make sure that all equipment if properly functioning and compatible with our needs. To avoid any possible setbacks, contingency plans are implemented and alternate plans are made. Any changes to the project must always be reported and charted to keep all departments updated and informed. As we can see, this development project has many variables while implementing any solutions. We have to keep on track during the process and evaluate all solutions as they presented.Evaluate the Solution With the implementation of the project development, we need to consistently evaluate the solution. By doing this we will see: if the solution is logical and solves the real problem, if the solution is (economically, environmentally, politically, and ethn ically) responsible and safe, does it meet all the criteria and constraints, is it blunder-free, have we argued the positive and negative sides of the project, and check the procedure and logic of the arguments.We also have to create an ethics checklist to see if it is legal (will it violate civil law or company policy? ), will it be a win/win situation, will it be fair to all concerned in both the short term and long term, and will I be proud during the development stages and/or conclusion. We also have to remind ourselves about â€Å"purpose†. What is the purpose of why we started this project and what is the purpose of seeing this thru till the end? I see this as a motivation tool to make sure that we maintain the excitement of the project.While we are evaluating the solution, we need to implement a contingency plan for each stage of the development process. This will ensure that there is a back-up plan if we experience a paradigm shift or the project is at a development d own fall. After conducting a thorough evaluation of the solution and development process, we come to the conclusion of the project. By taking the steps to seeing the project through from defining the solution to evaluating the

Child Abuse and Neglect Essay

â€Å"Every year 3.3 million reports of child abuse are made in the United States involving nearly 6 million children (a report can include multiple children). The United States has the worst record in the industrialized nation – losing five children every day due to abuse-related deaths.† stated by Sara O’Meara. That’s a very depressing fact, especially because the United States has the worst record. That fact is solely based on the cases that were reported. Can you imagine all the ones that weren’t? There is so much information on this topic, but it seems that nothing is changing to stop child abuse and neglect. This is a huge problem even though there are many strategies to improve this issue it’s still not helping enough. Child abuse is a horrifying subject to bring talk about, but it needs to be approached. Child abuse and neglect has been going on for centuries. It came to be noticed in the early 1870’s by a young girl, Mary Ellen Wilson, who was being whipped by her foster mother. After her case went before a judge citizens formed the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. A child abuse came again in 1962 when people read an article in Journal of the American Medical Association. This article described the symptoms of child abuse and it stated that child abuse could be medically diagnosable. â€Å"Within ten years, every state had statutes known as â€Å"mandatory reporting† law. Mandatory reporting laws require certain professionals – doctors and teachers for example—to report to police suspected child abuse situations. A 1974 federal law further bolstered efforts to eliminate child abuse by funding programs to help individuals identify and report child abuse and to provide shelter and other protective services to victims.† Stated on the Department of Children and Families website child abuse is defined as â€Å"a non-accidental injury to a child which, regardless of motive, is inflicted or allowed to be inflicted by the person responsible for the child’s care, includes any injury which is at variance with the history given, maltreatment such as, but not limited to, malnutrition, sexual molestation, deprivation of necessities, emotional maltreatment or cruel punishment.† Physical Abuse is the most noticeable on a child because you can see it. Some examples are broken bones, fractures, bruises, cuts, burns, and more. Not all children will admit they’re being abused. Ways to tell that they are could be that the injuries are frequent, the child is afraid of touch, or seems to be afraid to go home. It’s much more difficult to tell is a child is being sexually abused or emotionally abused, but being abused in these aspects are just as heartbreaking and appalling. Children are being raped, not being fed properly, talked down too, being rejected of love, being left alone at a young age, and other awful things. It’s not only abuse that can happen to a child, but there is also neglect. There can be physical, educational, and emotional neglect that can occur in a child’s life. Some examples of physical neglect are when parents or guardians don’t get proper health care for their children or don’t watch their children with proper supervision. These factors can really harm a child as much as people don’t want to believe it. Educational neglect is when the child isn’t enrolled in school or if a parent or guardian doesn’t want to put their child in a special needs program even if they need to be in one. It’s understandable that some people don’t want to put their children in a special needs program because they’re embarrassed or think they can fix the child on their own. Well listen up parents, it’s known as neglect if the child isn’t helped in the proper way. Emotional neglect is extremely cruel because it’s when a parent doesn’t give the love a child needs to grow or allows a child to do drugs in the house, or drink underage. There are many examples I have left out in all three neglectful ways of being a parent or guardian because to be honest there is way too many to list. An extensive body of research provides promising and best practices on what works to improve child safety and well-being outcomes and reduce the occurrence of child abuse and neglect. These efforts are essential as child abuse and neglect have pervasive and long-lasting effects on children, their families, and the society. Department of Children and Families provide safety and services. They do professional investigations and appropriate evaluations on physical abuse, emotional neglect, sexual abuse, medical, or educational neglect. Please make sure to report child abuse or neglect as soon as possible because the life of this child is very important and your phone call could make a huge difference. After your report is complete, DCF begins their investigation within two hours of your call if there is a serious risk of physical harm to a child, and within three days for all other reports. Their number is 1-800-842-2288. Another good resource for providing help is American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). â€Å"The AAP has a research program that helps to improve the methods of health care to children. It’s a professional membership organization of 60,000 primary care pediatricians, pediatric medical sub-specialists and pediatric surgical specialists. The mission of the American Academy of Pediatrics is to attain optimal physical, mental, and social health and well-being for all infants, children, adolescents and young adults. To accomplish this, AAP shall support the professional needs of its members. It has 1,800 pediatricians in the research program and it is the longest-running research programs in the U.S. AAP is looking out for the health care of all aged children and is a great resource to get children the health care they need.† There is also ways a person can help the abused or neglected child themselves before calling for professional help. It’s important to look into strategies on how to help an abused or neglected child and to also get the abuser the help that he/she needs to stop this cruelty. When you notice a child has been being abused or neglected a person can approach the child and ask them to explain their story. When the child tells their story try not to look horrified or shocked and don’t talk down about the abuser. If the child is not ready to tell their story don’t push the child to do so because it may drive them away. A child is not the only one who needs help when being abused, the abuser does also. The major reasons for physical and psychological mistreatment of children within the family often are parental feelings of isolation, stress, and frustration. Parents need to learn to cope with their feelings. Support groups through local community organizations often are helpful first steps to diminish some of the isolation or frustrations parents are feeling. People truly need to keep their eyes wide open and stop being oblivious to child abuse and neglect. As horrific it may seem the statistics show that 6 million children a year are being affected by child abuse and neglect. Please remember it’s not always easy to spot because it’s not just physical abuse that can happen to a child it’s so much more. Every type of abuse or neglect hurts whether it’s physical or not. Get in contact with Department of Children and Families or another child abuse and neglect group that you can contact if you suspect child abuse or neglect, it’s very important. Child abuse and neglect has been going on for centuries! Let’s try and stop it for happening to these innocent children!

Groupthink Concept and High

Groupthink Concept and High Groupthink Concept Groupthink refers to a psychological phenomenon happening within a cluster of persons under which the aspiration for conventionality within this cluster results in a biased outcome in the decisions made.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Groupthink Concept and High-Quality Decision Making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main underlying assumption towards belonging to this cluster is the need to minimize conflict through blind conformity. Thus, an individual caught up in a groupthink phenomenon is blindly loyal to a set of thoughts or actions for fear of being controversial as a result of exercising independent thinking. The often dysfunctional dynamics within such a group generates what is commonly referred to as an â€Å"illusion of invulnerability†1. Actually, the groupthink psychology makes persons belonging to this group to belief in universality of their decisions as right without accommodating the opponents’ abilities, which are often underrated. In the worst case, groupthink orientation in the decision making process may generate actions that are dehumanizing those perceived as belonging to the opponent quarter. High-Quality Decision Making The process of high-quality decision making is dependent on heuristic since it provides assumptions, integration of options, and rational control. Decision environment often experience dynamics and swings which create short and long term effect on chances of survival for two alternatives to solve a problem. When faced with a decision problem that requires critical assessments, high-quality decision making process resorts to analytical tools that ensure competitive positioning advantage and rationality. Each option is assigned to a quadrant with predetermined response strategies and ‘follow-ups’ upon each decision made2. Differences between Groupthink and High-Quality Decision Making High-qual ity decision making functions on the presence of rationality and verifiable facts, irrespective of the position or situation that the decision making agents are in. Unlike groupthink decision making process, high-quality decision making incorporates a series of perspectives through which the final decision is identified via a qualitative analysis.Advertising Looking for critical writing on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, high-quality decision making relies heavily on the pillar of alternatives through research and knowledge of the situation or problem. On the other hand, groupthink (‘ingroup’) decision making process only accommodate the views of a cluster of individuals who belong to similar orientation and cannot exercise independent thinking. Decision making through groupthink is very biased since the underlying determinants of the decision matrix is loyalty and â€Å"illusion of vulnerability†3. Since high-quality decision making process operates on the periphery of rationality parameter, the final verdict can be described as reliable and accommodate variant views. Given that different aspects of decision making such as assumptions, integration of options, and rational control are integrated, most of visible or invisible biases are dampened as the effects of social presence elevate the decision science. Unfortunately, the groupthink phenomenon has structural faults which prevent the benefits of reliability and social effects since it is characterized by a context of provocative situation. Besides, groupthink decision process is characterized by internal or external pressures for a consensus which may generate accord-seeking propensities. Unlike high-quality decision, groupthink creates a false illusion which is inherently dysfunctional4. An example of groupthink is the decision biases that led to an attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese in the yea r 1941. Persons entrusted with the responsibility of rational decision making allowed shared rationalizations and illusions to shadow their judgment on the need for precautions. However, the attack could have been avoided had the decision makers embraced the components of high-quality decision making. Bibliography Fiske, Susan, and Shelley Taylor. Social Cognition: From Brains to Culture. California, Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2013.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Groupthink Concept and High-Quality Decision Making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Schafer, Mark, and Scott Crichlow. Groupthink vs. High-Quality Decision Making in International Relations. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2010. Footnotes 1 Mark Schafer and Scott Crichlow, Groupthink vs. High-Quality Decision Making in International Relations (New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2010), 51. 2 Susan, Fiske, and Shelley Taylor, Social Cognition: From Brains to Culture (California, Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2013), 23-29. 3 Mark Schafer and Scott Crichlow, Groupthink vs. High-Quality Decision Making in International Relations (New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2010), 51. 4 Mark Schafer and Scott Crichlow, Groupthink vs. High-Quality Decision Making in International Relations (New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2010), 51.

10 Ways to Challenge Your Brain

10 Ways to Challenge Your Brain Exercising your brain is arguably just as important as exercising the rest of your body. If you’re looking for ways that you can give your brain a nice little work out session, here are 10 ways you can challenge your brain to do more. Â  Source: [finotto.org]

Fortune 500 Companies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fortune 500 Companies - Research Paper Example Approximately two-thirds of the Fortune 500 companies are currently involved in offering partnership benefits. In order to understand this aspect better, it is important that concern is drawn as to what entails domestic partnership benefits (Rosenbaum, 1967). Ideally, domestic partnership benefits are those that an employer decides to give to an employee’s unmarried partner, regardless of the gender. Despite the numerous companies that are currently involved in offering domestic partnership benefits, this paper will only analyze Wal-Mart stores and Mayo Clinic. Offering of partner benefits, follows the passing of ordinance in 1996, with an essential requirement that companies involved in business with the city are mandated to offer equal benefits to their employees’ partners without any attribute towards gender orientation. The benefits offered by these companies are mainly in healthcare. For an employee’s partner to access the partner benefits, there are certain requirements that such an employee partner must acquire. Different companies have different requirements on who is eligible to access the benefits. For Wal-Mart stores, partners are only covered when they are legally married and never when legally separated (US News, 2013). Regardless of the gender of the partner, such an individual is only eligible for the benefits if the two are in a relationship in an equivalent of marriage for 12 months, and with an intention of sharing the particular household forever. It is also important that the partner to benefit from the offer must be 18 years old and above. Mayo Clinic currently has not set a particular deadline for which the partners in a relationship can start accessing the benefits (Berry and Seltman, 2008). However, in the case of same-sex partners, then the two have to marry in the case of Mayo Clinic, considering that same-sex marriages have been

Ethnic differences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethnic differences - Essay Example The ethnic differences in education are more visible between minority and majority ethnic groups. In Europe, where ethnic differences play a major role in education, different countries have different ethnic communities, for instance, Turks and Kurds can be found in Germany, North African in France, black Africans in united kingdom, Denmark and France and Pakistanis and people of Asian origin in Germany, France, Denmark and the united kingdom (Szalai, 2011). One of the features that the ethnic minority groups have is that they have higher than average fertility levels in comparison to the natives of the area that they are living in. Do instance, in Europe, most of the ethnic minorities who live there come from families with three or more children. In addition, most of the families from minority ethnic groups had an economic disadvantage since a large number of them could be categorised among the poorest members of the society. Most of the parents of minority ethnic groups have a simi lar trend in terms of their educational attainment in that most of them are either attained primary level education qualification or vocational education. In societies where there are clear ethnic majority and minority, the educational system is likely to show some signs of ethno-social segregation where it can occur at the system level, the school level or the class level. The school system can propagate ethnic differences in education where the pupils from different ethnic groups enrol in distinctive schools as a result of residential segregation; this type of segregation is very common in France and Germany. However, in some instances, the school systems may work against ethno-social segregation especially where schooling boundaries are set taking into consideration socio-ethnic composition and diversity. Some educational institutions also treat their students differently depending on their ethnic background, for instance, some institutions, are more diversity conscious, other di versity blind while others deliberately separate the students depending on their ethnic backgrounds. The segregation of students based on their ethnic background has affected the performance and attitudes towards education especially among the minority students. This is because all factors are usually to their disadvantage, for instance, most of the students from the ethnic minority communities also come from the lowest social classes in the country. In addition, this group also comes from the backgrounds where the parents are not that much educated or aware of their rights and they therefore prefer to take their children to schools that are within their reach financially or those that they will not be discriminated against. In most cases, these schools are among the poorest performing ones. The ethnic background of individuals may also affect their health; that is their levels of health consciousness or the type of diseases that they are likely to suffer from. Some cultures have di fferent perspective on certain diets, which have an impact on their health, for instance, Muslims and Jews, which are the most predominant lifestyles in the middle east, have restrictions regarding meat, for instance, they are not allowed to eat any products from pigs. Other practises from these cultures also include fasting, which depending on the

Personal Career Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal Career Analysis - Research Paper Example Sales people visit different places, identifying opportunities from where they can fulfill people’s needs by offering goods and services at a price. The choice of being a sales person was largely influenced by my personality traits; I am a person who is highly conscientious. Conscientious people are known to possess a strong passion for duty, in this case, they are said to be very responsible as well as reliable (Solis 76). This paper provides an analysis of my career and the things that have influenced my career path. In addition, it also gives an analysis of the sales career and opportunities that one is exposed to be joining this career path. Different careers have different academic and non-academic qualifications, however, having academic qualifications plays an important role in any career; this is because, education provides the medium by which people can communicate and exchange ideas. For a career in sales, the first thing that a person needs to have is the interest and willingness to talk and interact freely with people. People that are extroverts make good sales people; this is because they can interact freely with different people without fear, they are outgoing and willing to try out new challenges and ideas in life (Joyce 67). This is because, careers in sales involve meeting different consumers, one has to have the skill of convincing people; he should not be high-tempered. In addition, sales people are patient; they have to keep doing one thing for a number of times before they can influence buyers to make their decisions to purchase goods and services. Other personality traits that are essential for sales people include being adaptable, here, particular sales people are said to be people who understand the meaning of change effectively. They know how to change and do something else in case they do not meet

International Crime Statistics In Japanese Society Criminology Essay

International Crime Statistics In Japanese Society Criminology Essay International crime statistics indicate that the crime rates for most offences are significantly lower in Japan compared to those among Western European nations. To what extent could the relatively low Japanese crime rate be explained in terms of the social organisation of Japanese society?   When looking at comparative criminology, Japan is a good example. This is because the majority of the criminal justice system in Japan is borrowed from other countries and then adapted to fit in well with Japans cultural traditions. They look at the fundamentals of social institutions from other countries and adapt them to fit in with their heritage. By comparing and looking at the systems in other countries it can help to establish an appropriate and useful way of carrying out their justice systems. The increase in the economy in Japan in the 1980s and 90s drew interest from business people around the world. Also, along with this there was interest with justice officials on the success with Japan on responding to the crime problem. However, the accomplishments must be seen in light with its cultural heritage. Japans criminal justice system is interesting as they have successfully provided an effective response into the crime problem and have also adopted the guidelines and methods of the criminal justice systems in other countries to fit in with their own. I will be looking at informal social methods of control as this contributes greatly in keeping the crime rate low in Japan. The following statistics show crime rates in Japan compared with other western European countries: The Sixth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems between 1995 and 1997 showed that in 1995 the total crimes recorded in Japan stood at 1,421 per 100,000 population compared with 8,168 in Germany and 4,331 in Switzerland (UNCJIN, 19th January 2001). Finch (2001) found, using statistics from the Heisei 0nen no Hanzai, that in 1994 the Japanese homicide rate stood at 1.0 (per 100,000 population) while France stood at 4.7 and the UK at 2.7. The 2005 survey showed that Japan had a corruption rating of 6.9 compared with 8.6 in the UK (Transparency International, 2005). It is thought that the decline of crime has been linked with the decline in the increase of population due to post-war industrialization and the continuing urbanisation and the fact that there were fewer younger children. In spite of this, there has been an increase in crime since industrialization and urbanisation in western countries.  This then shows that it does not explain that post war industrialization and urbanisation is the reason for the decline in crime in Japan. Japan has  changed in a similar way to western countries in this sense but the difference is that Japan has not undergone the same cultural transformations.    Although Japan is not a rich country it has become an industrial giant since World War 2. It is the only non-western country that has become industrialised and they export a number of products. The Japanese saw how expanding and becoming more industrialised would have a positive impact on their economy. They have been successful because of their competitive spirit. This style is rooted in the traditional cohesiveness of society marked by a sense of conformity and uniformity. This can then explain why a lot more attention is focused on the group rather than the individual. (Reischauer 1977) explains that the reliance upon the group is illustrated in a number of ways. For example, a person is valued more as a member of the team rather than for contributing individually. So the Japanese are very competitive but not creative. Also, parental authority and family ties are stronger in Japan than in western societies however this is beginning to change. There are a lot of qualities that we consider that may have an impact on Japans successful criminal justice system and the impact that Japans cultural values may have on societys response and their criminal act. They are the most homogenous of people in the world as they have common history, language and race. Ninety nine per cent of its population is Japanese. By being a homogenous society it can help explain the low crime rate as they all share the common norms and have similar values. By the residents agreeing on what signifies being Japanese, social control becomes a lot easier as they have the same values and beliefs. However, this does not mean that homogeneity itself can explain the low crime rates as there are other examples worldwide where people all agree on the same norms and values yet there are still people that are not conforming to them.    Due to the lack of Christian heritage, individuals that are in Japan arent guilt ridden when they do something wrong as their culture doesnt believe in them sinning. However, having a sense of belonging has a huge impact on an individual in Japan. Deviant behaviour is considered a rejection of the social norms to which individuals are expected to conform to as they are part of the countrys tradition. As a result, if an individual does something wrong they would feel shame because they have violated the norms in society. Informal social control plays a huge part in Japanese society. In Japan this is applied to families, traditional religion, schools and work place. This method of informal social control is likely to be an important factor.   The way of the groups and family in Japanese society is that there is collective responsibility and that everyone sticks together. Although there is individualism it is different in a way that identity in Japan comes from the group that they belong to. Individualism in Japan comes from the individuals ability to produce, continue and guard relationships. Theres part of collectivism whereby everyone is attached, for instance school, family, employer. This tie between the groups then creates a sense of obligation towards each of them. This is good as it can provide emotional support however it can also bring a lot of shame when a member of the group misbehaves. Parents are an example of this as they are seen to be responsible and apologetic of the behaviour of a fully grown child. Self control is something which is learnt earlier on for the Japanese. Developing self control is the most important stage of socialization in Japan. This differs from western countries where educating a sense of self is more important. In Japan the main ways of socialization are families, schools and companies. The Family play a significant role in how their children behave. Individuals act within the limits of their family and community roles and are easily humiliated when deviating from them. There is a strong obligation to humour their family, community and their nation. The Japanese learn that the group is an important part of their wellbeing. Family is an important aspect and is opposite to how most individuals handle things in other countries. Bayley (1991) states that, American mothers chase their children around the block to get them to come home; Japanese mothers are chased by their children so as not to be left behind. This shows that Japanese children respect their mothers and actively seek out their attention. Individuals act within the limits of their family and community roles and are easily humiliated when deviating from them.    Japanese children are under strict discipline at home. Most importantly they are taught to adhere to parental authority and so they are driven by parental expectations. For this reason they are allowed to depend on their parents. Japanese children have always had a lot of body contact with their parents, being carried on their mothers back, taking baths with parents and sleeping with them till around the age of four or five. This differs from western society where children are taught to sleep in their own beds in their own rooms at an early age. Japanese children are therefore treated as big babies instead of small adults. Because of this Japanese children are very dependent on their parents. Bayley (1991) is clear to point this out when describing how in western countries parents control badly behaved children by keeping them grounded in the home whereas in Japan parents threaten children by saying they will be locked out of the home. From this children learn their punishment b y being excluded from the uchi world. In schools pupils are around a lot of school regulations.  Ã‚  Those who disobey these regulations are not only criticized by their teachers but also by their peers. Through the hidden curriculum Japanese pupils develop social control. Schools completely encourage informal social control. Pupils even fear asking teachers questions as they might be seen as revolting against the teacher. Also, Japanese pupils learn to not control selfish behaviour. They are taught this through small group activities such as cleaning. Pupils are also taught solidarity with the group and a shared responsibility for poor performance in the group. From this, Japanese pupils then learn that it is more appreciated to be part of a group rather than being alone as this is how it is in the  uchi  world. The Japanese companies are described as Gemeinschaft Capitalism (Mawby 1990.) This is because all the local communities dont have an impact on individuals in contemporary Japan but companies have replaced this instead. Companies provide a lot of benefits and a sense of belonging to a big family as well as a sense of pride. So the companies then offer ontological security. This then means that the worker then must follow the strong informal control by their company and if they do not do so then they will be psychologically excluded from their colleagues and the company which will mean losing the ontological security. The appreciation for hierarchal arrangements among people is another element of Japanese culture. Empey (1982) noted the importance of Americans distrust in the 1960s of their social institutions. However, the Japanese do not share this experience. Archambeault and Fenwick (1988) state that, group consciousness combines with a sense of order to force cooperative relationships between most segments of the Japanese community and their justice agencies. The respect of ones positions leads to citizens to honour and trust the justice system employees. Police courts and correction officials are seen as guardians of the societys morals as well as enforcers of the law. Because of the peoples faith in the agent of the system and the belief that decisions will be made according to what best serves society. The Japanese response to criminal offenders may differ to the response of other countries. Western countries seek rehabilitation by encouraging the offender to become independent and responsible whereas the Japanese system looks at encouraging the offender to integrate voluntarily into the structured social order. The Japanese see the community as the best place for getting the voluntary integration. Prison is not seen as a useful way of achieving rehabilitation and this explains why there is such a low incarceration rate in Japan. Japans way of policing is effective as they have a working relationship between the citizens and their services. Those from western countries may be troubled by some of the ways that the relationship between them works. For example, there is a residential survey that is conducted twice a year by Koban officers. Policing in western countries wouldnt do this as it would mean sharing personal and neighbourhood information with police officers. Also, Parker (1984) writes how Koban officers that are on patrol will enter homes that are unlocked and leave calling cards warning occupants about their poor crime prevention habits. This is because police behaviour in Japan reflects a moral norm just as much as a legal one.    Jury trial is a failure in Japan. As Shibahra says Japanese people prefer to be tried by a judge rather than by their neighbour. This is because the decisions of the jury may not be binding as the judge can disagree with it. The judge can then put the case before different jurys and so this is why in most cases defence councils go before the judge.   Another reason for the effectiveness of Japans criminal justice system is because Japanese citizens tend to admit to misbehaviour. Another way that looks at explaining the effectiveness of policing is how the police respond to civilians with encouragement and support.  Ã‚  As Bayley (1991) put it, the Japanese police and their citizens believe that each have to work through the other in order to make society a civil place to live. This support requires the police to place importance on non-enforcement activities and to  work together with people not just the ones that are breaking the law. This then results in service orientation which helps to explain the effectiveness in policing. Bayley (1991) also compares the policing in America with Japan. An American policeman is like a fireman he responds when he must. A Japanese policeman is more like a postman; he has a daily round of low key activities that relate him to the lives of the people among whom he works Japan is unique because of its low incarceration rate. This is surprising as it has the same objectives as most other countries, rehabilitation and retribution. Although they have similar aims, Japan is different in how they meet that aim. The majority of western countries try to solve rehabilitation by encouraging individualism whereas Japan looks at social responsibility.   Although the success of the economy in Japan was an achievement they also had another by having a falling crime rate. The western countries believed that because of industrialisation and urbanization that this was the cause of the rising crime rate. Since the World War 2 the crime rate has continued to increase whereas in Japan they have experienced a falling crime rate in the same time. Japan has two different types of norm. One deals with members of the group where an individual belongs and the other deals with non members of the group where the individual belongs. The first consists of giri (Japanese traditional duty) but the later appears to be more like western concepts of rights. This combination is Japanese perception of social environment which can be represented as two concentric circles. The inner circle called uchi (home) and the outer circle called yoso (elsewhere). When the police catch criminals 99 percent of the time offenders that come before a judge are convicted and 99 percent of those that are convicted are sent to prison. The statistics can be misleading as informal controls are used at each stage regardless of the formal terminology. Although this does seem impressive around half of the 99 per cent convicted have their prison sentence suspended and a lot of the time the offenders arent even placed in supervision. Japanese houses are small and are built on narrow streets close to each other. This makes operating social control systems and recognising deviant behaviour easier as everyone in the community is known and it becomes hard to hide. Today you would see patrol cars being used as a modern way of policing but Japan doesnt agree with this method. Instead they believe in the deployment system of Koban. One fifth of patrol officers work in patrol cars whereas the remaining four fifths operate from Koban. The Japanese citizens favour the Koban and where there is a lot of congestion in cities it means that the Koban officers on foot or bicycle would be able to beat patrol cars to scenes where police response is needed. The services that are provided by the Koban and their officers reflect community policing. One of the major strengths with policing in Japan is the police box system. These boxes are staffed by an officer who lives in the resource with his family and becomes a part of the community. The residents have to be registered with the local stations. Officers frequently do home visits and even provide general assistance.   In order to answer the question on how the low crime rate can be explained in terms of the social organisation in Japan we have found that a lot of contributions are the cause of this. Japan has successfully taken laws from different counties and has adapted it to fit in with their own society. Also we have learnt that informal social control plays a huge part in Japanese society and can be the answer to why there is such a low crime rate in Japan. In Japan, individuals tend to feel more at home within a group be it at home with a family or with their peers in school or at work. They fear expulsion from these groups if they were to deviate from the norms and so are less likely to commit a crime. Referencing Adler, F. (1983) Nations Not Obsessed With Crime, Colorado: Fred Rothan Co.. Braithwaite, J. (1989) Crime, Shame and Reintegration, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CIVITAS (http://www.civitas.org.uk/crime/crimestats6.php) European Institute for Crime Prevention and Cntrol (http://www.heuni.fi/Etusivu/Publications/1266333832841 Komiya, N. (1999) A Cultural Study of the Low Crime Rate in Japan, The British Journal of Criminology, Vol. 39 No.3. pp. 369-389. Miller, S., Kanazawa, S. (2000) Order by Accident: The Origins and Consequences of Conformity in Contemporary Japan. Oxford: Westview Press. Reichel, P. (1994) Comparative Criminal Justice Systems, New York: Prentice Hall.  Ã‚   Appendix: Module Handbook Reichel, Philip L. (1999).  Comparative criminal justice systems: a topical approach. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Sheptycki, J. W. E., 1960- Wardak, Ali. (2005).  Transnational and comparative criminology. London: GlassHouse. Terrill, Richard J. (1999).  World criminal justice systems: a survey. 4th ed. Cincinnati: Anderson Publishing.